Toluene | 108-88-3
Data anụ ahụ:
| Aha ngwaahịa | Toluene |
| Njirimara | mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba na-esi ísì ụtọ yiri benzene |
| Ebe mgbaze(Celsius C) | -94.9 |
| Ebe esi nri(Celsius C) | 110.6 |
| Njupụta nke ikwu (mmiri=1) | 0.87 |
| Njupụta ikuku dịtụ (ikuku = 1) | 3.14 |
| Nrụgide ikuku juru (kPa) | 3.8(25Celsius C) |
| Okpomọkụ nke combustion (kJ/mol) | -3910.3 |
| Okpomọkụ dị egwu (°C) | 318.6 |
| Nrụgide dị egwu (MPa) | 4.11 |
| Octanol/mmiri nkebi ọnụọgụgụ | 2.73 |
| Ebe ọkụ (°C) | 4 |
| Ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ (°C) | 480 |
| Oke mgbawa elu (%) | 7.1 |
| Oke mgbawa obere (%) | 1.1 |
| Solubility | Insoluble na mmiri, miscible na benzene, mmanya, ether na ndị ọzọ kasị organic mgbaze. |
Njirimara ngwaahịa:
1.Oxidised na benzoic acid site na ike oxidising agents dị ka potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate na nitric acid. A na-enwetakwa benzoic acid site na oxidation na ikuku ma ọ bụ oxygen na ọnụnọ nke ihe na-eme ka ọ dị. A na-enweta Benzaldehyde site na oxidation na manganese dioxide na ọnụnọ sulfuric acid na 40ºC ma ọ bụ obere. Mmeghachi omume mbelata nke nickel ma ọ bụ platinum na-emepụta methylcyclohexane. Toluene na-emeghachi omume na halogens iji mepụta o- na para-halogenated toluene na-eji aluminom trichloride ma ọ bụ ferric chloride dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali. N'okpuru okpomọkụ na ọkụ, ọ na-emeghachi omume na halogens iji mepụta benzyl halide. Mmeghachi omume na nitric acid na-emepụta o- na para-nitrotoluene. Ọ bụrụ na nitrified na agwakọta acids (sulphuric acid + nitric acid) 2,4-dinitrotoluene nwere ike nweta; nitration na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Sulfonation nke toluene na sulfuric acid gbadoro anya ma ọ bụ fuming sulfuric acid na-emepụta o- na para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid. N'okpuru mmetụta catalytic nke aluminom trichloride ma ọ bụ boron trifluoride, toluene na-enweta alkylation na halogenated hydrocarbons, olefins, na alcohols iji nye ngwakọta nke alkyl toluene. Toluene na-emeghachi omume na formaldehyde na hydrochloric acid na mmeghachi omume chloromethylation iji mepụta o- ma ọ bụ para-methylbenzyl chloride.
2.Stability: Stable
3. Ihe amachibidoro:Sacids, halogen, oxidants
4.Polymerisation ihe egwu:Ndị na-abụghị polymerisation
Ngwa ngwaahịa:
1.Ọ na-ejikarị dị ka organic mgbaze na akụrụngwa maka sịntetik ọgwụ, agba, resin, dyestuff, explosives na pesticide.
2.Toluene nwere ike iji dị ka akụrụngwa maka imepụta benzene na ọtụtụ ngwaahịa kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka agba, varnishes, lacquers, adhesives na ink ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na thinner eji na-emepụta mmiri, resin solvents; chemical na mmepụta ihe mgbaze. Ọ bụkwa akụrụngwa maka njikọ kemịkal. A pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe ngwakọta na mmanụ ụgbọala iji mee ka octane dịkwuo elu, yana dịka ihe mgbaze maka agba, inks na nitrocellulose. Na mgbakwunye, toluene nwere ezigbo solubility nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, bụ ihe mgbaze nke nwere ọtụtụ ojiji. Toluene dị mfe chlorinate, mepụta benzene & mdash; chloromethane ma ọ bụ benzene trichloromethane, ha bụ ezigbo ihe mgbaze na ụlọ ọrụ; ọ dịkwa mfe nitrate, mepụta p-nitrotoluene ma ọ bụ o-nitrotoluene, ha bụ ihe eji esiji esiji; ọ dịkwa mfe sulphonate, na-emepụta o-toluenesulphonic acid ma ọ bụ p-toluenesulphonic acid, ha bụ ihe eji eme ihe eji esiji ákwà ma ọ bụ mmepụta saccharine. Toluene vapor na-agwakọta ikuku na-emepụta ihe mgbawa, ya mere ọ nwere ike ime TST mgbawa.
3.Leaching gị n'ụlọnga maka osisi mejupụtara. A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ dị ka ihe mgbaze yana dịka mgbakwunye na petrol octane dị elu.
4.Jiri dị ka ihe nyocha reagent, dị ka ihe mgbaze, mmịpụta na nkewa mmadụ, chromatographic reagents. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka onye na-ehicha ihe, ma na-eji akwa, ngwa nri, benzoic acid na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe.
5.A na-eji ya eme ihe na mmanụ ụgbọala doped na dịka isi ihe eji eme ihe maka mmepụta nke toluene, ihe mgbawa, agba agba agba, ọgwụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ihe ndetu nchekwa ngwaahịa:
1.Chekwaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ, ikuku.
2.Chep n'ebe ọkụ na isi iyi ọkụ.
3.The nchekwa okpomọkụ ekwesịghị gafere 37 ° C.
4.Na-edebe akpa ahụ akara.
5.A ga-echekwa ya iche site na ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, ọ dịghịkwa mgbe a ga-agwakọta ya.
6.Jiri ihe mgbawa na-agbawa ọkụ na akụrụngwa ikuku.
7.Machibido iji ngwá ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ ndị dị mfe ịmepụta ọkụ ọkụ.
8.Ebe nchekwa ahụ kwesịrị ịkwado ya na ngwa ngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede na-agbapụta na ihe mkpuchi kwesịrị ekwesị.
